To Resolve The Insensitivity Complaints Of Key Employees,

To resolve the insensitivity complaints of key employees, which relate to diversity, particularly gender, ethnicity, and religion, Air Aces hired Tyrone Williams (CEO) after airport clients filed numerous complaints regarding airport employees who lack cultural awareness while interacting with diverse groups of customers. Consequently, this insensitivity affects the hiring process and promotion within the Air Aces. Therefore, the objective of the paper is to develop methods of addressing these sensitive issues. According to Andersen and Taylor (2007), diversity encompasses the variations in issues such as religion, ethnicity, beliefs, family status, sextual orientation, national cultures, region of residence, experiences, education, and†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, he can utilize individualized consideration to build trust and promote collaboration within Air Aces by listening to employees’ concerns regarding diversity issues and together they can develop techniques of addressing those issues that affect hiring and promotion decisions (Northouse, 2016). In addition, Price et al (2002) provide three ways of creating a diverse-friendly and conducive work environment, which include providing diversity training, humanizing encounters, and celebrating diversity. Providing diversity training would deal with stereotypes at individual, managerial, and organizational levels. According to Price et al (2002), humanizing encounters allow the mixing of employees to encourage interaction by assigning group projects, cross training, and provide recreation activities where they can develop relationships (Price et al., 2002). Lastly, Air Aces should celebrate diversity by recognizing and learning its workers’ cultures, stories about their homelands, religion, and providing the favorite dish from their culture (Price et al., 2002). If Air Aces can manage diversity effectively, it will increase innovation, creativity, decision making due to proliferation of thoughts, diverse educational backgrounds, and varied experiences (Chaunda,Show MoreRela tedThe Best Laid Incentive Plan Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesperformance for Rainbarrel Products. One year after the Performance Management System was put into action, Rainbarrel Products showed incredible results. Strengths of these results were reduction in labor costs, costs reduction on commission sales to employees, and clarifying job agendas to each area of sales showed incredible changes. There was evidence of lower costs as a result of higher productivity and improved customer service quality, as well as an increase in the number of on-time shipments beingRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour: David Ortan Plc Case Study2670 Words   |  11 Pagesrelated with finance were of major importance to employees of both companies and here too, employees of costwise tended to complain more. The senior management and executive members of costwise company sought to gather and discuss at large weaknesses and strengths of the organisation on realizing that employees’ attitude and p erception toward merger could have substantial impact on company’s performance. This meeting cleared company and its employees’ view of the desired merger and future of companyRead MoreWyoff and China-Luquan: Negotiating a Joint Venture(a)4531 Words   |  19 Pagesextremes regarding a number of key issues. Moreover, there appeared to be hard feelings and a lack of clear understanding on both sides regarding the other’s negotiating tactics and positions. Problem Statement Notwithstanding the considerable advantages and opportunities in forming a joint venture (JV) to manufacture and market the AD and CE families of chemicals in China, Wyoff and China-LuQuan’s negotiations are not progressing well and are currently deadlocked on four key issues. If Wyoff wants toRead MoreSSD2 Module 1 Notes31223 Words   |  125 PagesSTANDARD OPERING PROCEDURE Determine the SOP purpose and target audience for distribution. Uniforms Your reference will be Local Policy, AR 670-1 Leaves and Passes Your reference will be AR 600-8-10 Motor Stables Your reference will be DA Pam 750-1 Key Control Your reference will be AR 190-51, 190-11, 735-5 References Citations must be accurate and thorough-title, type, number, and date of publication; online links if appropriate; and identifying information for correspondence or meetings. PurposeRead MoreConflict Management and Emotional Intelligence63003 Words   |  253 PagesMarch 2009       Abstract   The   objectives   of   this   research   are   to   investigate   the   reasons   for   conflicts   in   the   customer   service   industry,   to   examine   strategies   for   conflict   management   which   can   be   used   to   help   resolve   these   conflicts,   to   examine   the   relationship   of   these   strategies   with   the   concept   of   emotional   intelligence,   and   to   improve   the   quality   of   customer   service   provisions   in   the   customer  service  industry.            The  theRead MoreCritical Analysis of Staffinf Issues in Hsbc18114 Words   |  73 PagesScope of the Study 15 1.5. Research Aim 15 1.6. Significance of Study 16 CHAPTER 2 18 2. Literature Review 19 2.1. Importance of Human Resource Management in an Organization: 20 2.2. Importance of Human Resource Management for the Employees: 21 2.3. Recent Changes in the Human Resource Management Approach: 23 2.4. Human Resource Management Issues on Top UK Organizations: 25 2.5. Benefits of the HR Modification Programs 34 CHAPTER 3 36 3. Methodology 37 3.1. Approaches UsedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages23 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON DATA 42 Personal Assessment of Management Skills 42 Scoring Key 42 Comparison Data 42 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 43 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 43 PART I 1 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 45 DEVELOPING SELF-AWARENESS SKILL ASSESSMENT 46 DiagnosticRead MoreCustomer Loyalty23046 Words   |  93 Pagesframework of 1 the research. Part Six (6), consists of the hypothesis of the research and the lastly Part seven (7) explains the significant of the research. 1.1 An overview of customer loyalty Customer loyalty has been well established as a key to profitability and long-term sustainability (Keating et al., 2003, Reichheld, 1996; Reichheld Aspinal, 1993). Reichheld Schefter (2000) maintained that, while it is important for a commercial enterprise to attract a large client, a sizeable customer-baseRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesappeared in the ninth edition, but some of you thought the learning insights were important enough to reintroduce the case. We continue to seek what can be learned—insights that are transferable to other firms, other times, other situations. What key factors brought monumental mistakes to some firms and resounding successes for others? Through such evaluations and studies of contrasts, we may learn to improve batting averages in the intriguing, ever-challenging art of decision making. We willRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesObjective: 4 AACSB: Use of IT Difficulty: Moderate 45) Each of the following is true about the Internets impact on the way business is conducted today, EXCEPT one. Identify the exception. A) It has facilitated high-speed communication among employees. B) It has empowered consumers with easy access to information. C) It can be used as a powerful sales channel. D) It has facilitated mass marketing but not the sale of customized products. E) It enables marketers to use social media to advertise

Religious Views on Business Ethics - 1126 Words

Business ethics is a very broad term and widely used throughout the world. The term â€Å"business ethics† first started to be used in the United States in the early 1970’s as businesses were growing bigger and more powerful. Business ethics are guidelines or behaviors that businesses and individuals use daily to deal with the world, and even smaller situations they might find themselves in. Race, gender, age and religion all play a role in a person’s ethics. The most important factor in a person’s perspective of business ethics is religion, because there are so many different religious views. Buddhists follow the teachings of Buddha to help with their ethics in business. Christianity uses the Ten Commandments and the teachings of Christ†¦show more content†¦19:28), and â€Å"Justice, justice shall you pursue† (Deut. 16:20) define the values that guide a Jewish economic activity (Knitter Muzaffer, 97). Jewish faith believes that a pe rson should show reasonable concern for others. In these aspects Judaism is like Christian faith, however, there is a major difference in their beliefs. Jews believe that wanting wealth is wrong, and that it leads to envy or greed, which turns people away from God. Like Buddhism, though, Judaism believes that a person should just have what is necessary for them to survive and be happy. Judaism has rules that they follow as business ethics. Employers and employees have different rules to follow, because they are on different levels. One rule that Jews believe, is that an employer should not demand more from a worker than they are capable of doing. An employer is not allowed to embarrass, insult, or degrade an employee, and that they cannot hold a worker’s payment due to a debt. Jewish employees should be allowed to leave work and return home before the sunsets on the Sabbath and holidays. The main rule for employees is that they are not allowed to waste time, slack of f in their performance, interrupt their work, or have meaningless conversations while at work. Judaism has a lot of rules and commandments they believe in dealing with business ethics. Freedom, responsibility, and honesty are the three main ideas of Islamic ethics. To be a Muslim, a person has to have theseShow MoreRelatedCorporate Roles, Personal Virtues, And The Good Life934 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Virtues: An Aristotelean Approach to Business Ethics,† Robert Solomon argues that toughness is a virtue, but callousness and indifference is not. Solomon views the Aristotle approach the proper way, because it considers both personal and business values. However, Albert Carr argues that business and personal ethics don’t mix; and game-strategy in business leads to success. In this paper, I will argue that Carr prevails Solomon’s business ethics and his claim. Aristotle is a philosopher thatRead MoreThe Religious Beliefs Of Organisations1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe religious beliefs of organisations are responsible for altering management practice in various foreign civilizations, yet when these moral principles are integrated with other devices used in Western society, it can create the most influential environment that thrives on work ethic and profitability. As such cultural beliefs are predominantly not a factor in countries such as Australia, many consider that a religious organisation is far more effective in its management practice. Despite thisRead MoreEssay on The Ethics of Work and Success1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe ethics of work and success: The meaning of work to individuals has important influences on their behavior in organizations. They derive their basic values and beliefs about work from society at large, the family, their educational experiences, and many other sources. The Puritans, who were Calvinists by religious faith, brought what is known as the work ethic to the United States. The work ethic, sometimes called the Protestant Ethic because of its origin in religion, holds that labor is goodRead MoreEthical Behavior : The Good And The Bad828 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Behavior: The Good and the Bad Written Assignment I Alea Mayes Eastern Michigan University â€Æ' Ethics is needed within every organization. Before I get into that concept in great detail, I would first like to explain what ethics is. â€Å"The concept has come to mean various things to various people, but generally it s coming to know what it right or wrong in the workplace and doing what s right† (McNamara). This doesn’t intercept with the law. Yes, many legal things can be considered ethicalRead MoreBusiness and Society891 Words   |  4 PagesBUSINESS AND SOCIETY INTRODUCTON With increasing urgency, market and social forces are rewriting the roles and responsibilities of business as well as its strategies. Though the profit motive of business is understood and accepted, people do not accept it as an excuse for ignoring the basic norms, values, and standards of being a good citizen. Modern businesses are expected to be responsible towards the community resources working toward the growth and success of both their companies and theirRead MoreIntegration Of Religious Faith And Business1533 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Integrating faith and business, is one of the common dilemma faced by most of the managers. Is this accepted by the religion or not? What to do next if I am not following the religious teaching in a right way are the chains of questions which circles the mind of a business person. Business is an area where people has to act sometimes unethical even if they don t want. Religiously binded managers always try their best to take their faith and the laws of business in a parallel way. Every religionRead MoreEthics And Principles Of Ethics991 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics is a system basic moral principals and concepts of civilized human conduct. it helps us develop ideas about what is moral, right from wrong and dictates of conscience. Ethics also helps to distinguish between honest and dishonest characteristics in people. In business, ethics is something that is essential to one’s moral compass. It is something that is taught through the child rearing process and into a child’s formative years. Ethics requires knowledge. Fundamentally this suggests thatRead MoreEthics : A Greek Word Ethos1248 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Ethics? Ethics comes from the Greek word Ethos. Ethos can mean custom, habit, character, or disposition. Due to the various possible meanings, ethics can cover several topics. One’s ethics can derive from religion, traditions, beliefs, and may vary per situation. My preferred definition comes from Plato. Plato raises the question, â€Å"What sort of person should I be? Eudaimonia is also a Greek word meaning living well and having a good soul. Plato focused on the well-being of the soul. PlatoRead MoreLegal Professional Personal Values And Ethics1044 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Introduction What is ethics, and what does it have to do with personal and professional points of view? This paper will address how one’s personal and/or professional point of view influence ethical decisions in the work place and the leadership traits that are necessary to make those decision. Also provided in this paper will be several examples of cases where individual personal point of view caused them to make professional decisions that had an adverse reaction on those they serve. EthicsRead MoreWhat Does Ethics Mean? Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesEthically Speaking Years ago, sociologist Raymond Baumhart was researching ethics; he asked a test group of business people, â€Å"What does ethics mean to you?† The group had several different answers: â€Å"Ethics has to do with my religious beliefs.† â€Å"Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong.† â€Å"Being ethical is doing what the law requires.† â€Å"Ethics consist of the standards of behavior our society accepts.† â€Å"I don’t know what the word means.† The answers of the test group may be

Politics of Organizational Decision Making †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Politics of Organizational Decision Making. Answer: Introduction: A manager should not ever involve his/her emotions while taking managerial decisions. This is because, emotions such as positive or negative emotions might affect the decision making process adversely. If the manager is affected with negative emotions such as anger or sadness, then the managerial decisions are affected negatively and the manager ends up taking a decision that is not the most appropriate one (Ford and Richardson 2013). However, being overwhelmed by positive emotions such as happiness will also result in taking up of decisions that are not appropriate. The managerial decisions that are affected by the emotions lack rationality and tend to be biased. Moreover, as a manager, it is important to handle the emotions effectively, such that decision making could be done effetely (Ford and Richardson 2013). Moreover, the managerial decisions have to be directed for the achievement of long-term goals. Hence, it is important that the achievement of the long-term goals is also gi ven importance, while decision making process takes place (Pettigrew 2014). Ideally, emotions and emotional biasness should be kept away, while managerial decision-making process takes place. Critical thinking is the key to effective managerial decision making. Hence, the managers need to indulge in critical thinking, while taking managerial decisions. The premise: Being affected by emotions will result in loss of rationalization in the decisions being taken (Pettigrew 2014). Thus, it is concluded that the managerial decisions should not be influenced by emotions. Since emotions hinder decision-making, hence the conclusion supports the premises. Decision-making is a critical process that has to be taken up by the managers effectively, such that the decisions taken are the best chosen for the business organization (Pettigrew 2014). While taking managerial decisions, the manager is responsible for the companys shareholders as well as the external and internal stakeholders (Ford and Richardson 2013). This is because, a managerial decision affects not only the shareholders but also affects the stakeholders. Hence, it s important, that the managers take care of the decisions taken by them. The positive as well as the negative effects on the stakeholders are to be evaluated, before taking a managerial decision. Thus, critical thinking has to be practiced (Pettigrew 2014). Logic and arguments have to be used while managerial decisions are taken. The shareholders are affected by the managerial decision-making. The premises: Moreover, the stakeholders such as the customers, contractors and suppliers are also affected negatively or positively by the decisions taken by the managers (Pettigrew 2014). The suppliers and contractors might refrain from supplying the goods to the business organization, with adverse decisions taken by the managers. Moreover, loss of loyal customers might also be caused, due to the adverse managerial decisions. Thus, it is concluded that the shareholders, along with the stakeholders are affected by the managerial decisions that are taken. Since the shareholders and the stakeholders are affected by decision-making, hence the conclusion supports the premises. The given passage highlights the fact that the culture of a business organization and the brand of the company should be driven by the same goals and motivations. It is essential that every brand establish its own identity. This could be done by ensuring that the employees understand the culture as well as the goals that the brand wishes to achieve. Thus, it is essential that the culture of the brand and the organizational culture is matched (Harvard Business Review, 2017). For example, if the brand tries to enhance the customer services while the employees are aligned towards effective inventory management, then the mismatch of the efforts will result in failure of the company to achieve the ultimate goal. Without knowing the purpose of the brand, the culture of the company should not be determined (Harvard Business Review, 2017). Thus, the article most appropriately mentions the importance of the aligning the organizational culture with the organizational branding, such that more c ustomers could be attracted, along with directing all the employees towards the achievement of one organizational goal. The premises: In order to ensure that the customers are attracted to the brand, it is essential that the organizational culture and brand be aligned towards the same goal (Harvard Business Review, 2017). Mismatch of the culture with the brands will result in loss in the business. Thus, it could be concluded that the culture of the business and its branding strategies should be coordinated with each other. Since the organizational culture has to be aligned with the brand, hence the conclusion supports the premises. Friendship is one of the greatest assets of any human being. Our career path is enhanced, if it is well supported by friends and friendships (Harvard Business Review, 2017). Friends are an essential part of life and they have to be chosen wisely, in order to ensure that they happen to be the strength and not weakness. However, though friends are an integral part of our being, it might cause increase in hurdles in the professional career (Harvard Business Review, 2017). The author has rightly said it that giving priority to friendships often hampers the career and professional life of people. The time that the wide variety of friendship demands results in hampering the career of the people. With the widening of the circle of friendship, the number of close friends also increases. This results in the loss of privacy, as most of the information are shared amongst a large group of close friends. Thus, the friendship as defined in todays world is more time consuming, than it is beneficial . The premises: One of the major challenges that are faced by the todays world is that friends in todays world keep changing. This is because, the circle of the people in which they belong keep changing with time. Moreover, with the intervention of social media, people become increasingly busy with their friends, thus hampering the precious time for career building (Harvard Business Review, 2017). Thus, it could be concluded that if the person is efficient enough not to hamper his career, yet devote adequate time to the friends, then the friendship could be maintained effectively. References Ford, R.C. and Richardson, W.D., 2013. Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Harvard Business Review. (2017).Being Too Busy for Friends Wont Help Your Career. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2017/07/being-too-busy-for-friends-wont-help-your-career [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. Harvard Business Review. (2017).Why Your Company Culture Should Match Your Brand. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2017/06/why-your-company-culture-should-match-your-brand [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge.

The Life And Works Of Shakespeare Essays - William Shakespeare

The Life And Works Of Shakespeare William Shakespeare is the world's most admired playwright and poet. He was born in April, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, about 100 miles northwest of London. According to the records of Stratford's Holy Trinity Church, he was baptized on April 26. As with most sixteenth century births, the actual day is not recorded but people are guessing that he was born on April 23. Shakespeare's parents were John and Mary Shakespeare, who lived in Henley Street, Stratford. John, the son of Richard Shakespeare, was a maker, worker and seller of leather goods like purses, belts and gloves and a dealer in agricultural commodities. He served in Stratford government successively as a member of the Council , constable , chamberlain , alderman and finally high bailiff which is the equivalent of town mayor. About 1577 John Shakespeare's fortunes began to decline for unknown reasons. There are records of debts. William had seven siblings. He was the third child and first born son. In the sixteenth century Stratford-upon-Avon was an important agricultural center and market town. The building in Henley street known today as the birthplace of William Shakespeare was at the time of his birth, two different buildings that John Shakespeare bought at two different times. William went to school at the Stratford Grammar School. He had to show up at six or seven A.M. depending on the season and stay there most of the day, six days a week. William studied many different authors and dramatists including Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, Horace, Livy, and Ovid. Ovid was his favorite. Grammar school was the beginning of Shakespeare's career. Almost everything he mastered he learned there. After grammar school, William went to the Warwickshire Countryside. There he played parts in plays and wrote poetry. The years 1594-1599 were momentous for Shakespeare. He produced a steady stream of plays of the highest quality. He continued as a principal actor and manager in the Chamberlain's men, blessed with a stable work environment in the theater. Finally in 1599, he became part owner in the most prestigious public playhouse in London, the Globe. His first works which were heavily influenced by the classical examples he had learned as a student were The Comedy of Errors and Titus Andronicus. He invented a new genre called the history play. His early works in this genre were the three Henry VI plays, and Richard III. He got his idea for Venis and Adonis and Rape of Lucrece from his favorite author, Ovid. Over the years 1594-1599 the Chamberlain's Men had become the most popular acting company in London, being invited to perform at court far more often than any other group. Shakespeare must have done a great deal of acting. He is listed by Ben Jonson in Jonson's magnificent 1616 Folio of his Works as having acted as the chief comedian in Every Man In His Humour in 1598. The Globe Theater burned down in 1613 and many of Shakespeare's manuscripts were ruined. It was then rebuilt by a carpenter named Peter Rose. Shakespeare's last work before he retired was The Temptest. Then he died in 1616 and was then buried in the Parish Church. His death was sudden and they don't know what caused it but they think he could have lived much longer. Almost all his things went to his oldest daughter Susanne. His younger daughter Judith got 300 pounds, and his wife got all the furniture. After he died Judith married John Quiney. He cheated on her and got another girl pregnant. That baby died. Judith and John had three children together. One they named Shakespeare died as an infant. There other two, Richard and Thomas died at the ages of 21 and 19. Shakespeare was one of the greatest playwrights and poets ever. He was a big part in literature. He invented a new genre and made many plays that everybody loves. He was a great man. On his grave it says: GOOD FRIEND FOR JESUS SAKE FOR BEAR TO DIG THE DUST ENCLOSED HEAR BLESSED BE YE MAN WHO SPARES THESE STONES AND CURSED BE HE WHO MOVES MY BONES

Probability of Going to Jail in Monopoly

Probability of Going to Jail in Monopoly In the game Monopoly there are a lot of features that involve some aspect of probability. Of course, since the method of moving around the board involves rolling two dice, it is clear that there is some element of chance in the game. One of the places where this is evident is the portion of the game known as Jail. We will calculate two probabilities regarding Jail in the game of Monopoly. Description of Jail Jail in Monopoly is a space in which players can â€Å"Just Visit† on their way around the board, or where they must go if a few conditions are met. While in Jail, a player can still collect rents and develop properties, but is not able to move around the board. This is a significant disadvantage early in the game when properties are not owned, as the game progresses there are times where it is more advantageous to stay in Jail, as it reduces the risk of landing on your opponents’ developed properties. There are three ways that a player can end up in Jail. One can simply land on the â€Å"Go to Jail† space of the board.One can draw a Chance or Community Chest card marked â€Å"Go to Jail.†One can roll doubles (both numbers on the dice are the same) three times in a row. There are also three ways that a player can get out of Jail Use a â€Å"Get out of Jail Free† cardPay $50Roll doubles on any of the three turns after a player goes to Jail. We will examine the probabilities of the third item on each of the above lists. Probability of Going to Jail We will first look at the probability of going to Jail by rolling three doubles in a row. There are six different rolls that are doubles (double 1, double 2, double 3, double 4, double 5, and double 6) out of a total of 36 possible outcomes when rolling two dice. So on any turn, the probability of rolling a double is 6/36 1/6. Now each roll of the dice is independent. So the probability that any given turn will result in the rolling of doubles three times in a row is (1/6) x (1/6) x (1/6) 1/216. This is approximately 0.46%. While this may seem like a small percentage, given the length of most Monopoly games, it is likely that this will happen at some point to someone during the game. Probability of Leaving Jail We now turn to the probability of leaving Jail by rolling doubles. This probability is slightly more difficult to calculate because there are different cases to consider: The probability that we roll doubles on the first roll is 1/6.The probability that we roll doubles on the second turn but not the first is (5/6) x (1/6) 5/36.The probability that we roll doubles on the third turn but not the first or second is (5/6) x (5/6) x (1/6) 25/216. So the probability of rolling doubles to get out of Jail is 1/6 5/36 25/216 91/216, or about 42%. We could calculate this probability in a different way. The complement of the event â€Å"roll doubles at least once over the next three turns† is â€Å"We don’t roll doubles at all over the next three turns.† Thus the probability of not rolling any doubles is (5/6) x (5/6) x (5/6) 125/216. Since we have calculated the probability of the complement of the event that we want to find, we subtract this probability from 100%. We get the same probability of 1 - 125/216 91/216 that we obtained from the other method. Probabilities of the Other Methods Probabilities for the other methods are difficult to calculate. They all involve the probability of landing on a particular space (or landing on a particular space and drawing a particular card). Finding the probability of landing on a certain space in Monopoly is actually quite difficult. This sort of problem can be dealt with by the use of Monte Carlo simulation methods.

buy custom Social and Economic Change in the Ottoman Empire essay

buy custom Social and Economic Change in the Ottoman Empire essay Stuart Schaar and Marvin Gettlemens book the Middle East and the Islamic world reader explores in chapter eleven, the social and economic changes that occurred in the ancient Ottoman Empire. The two authors have incorporated excerpts from the works of three authors to present a detailed anthology of the social and economic transformation of the Ottoman Empire from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. The first excerpt is from Suraiya Faroqhi. In this excerpt, Suraiya opens the chapter by describing the land tenure system that characterized the Ottoman Empire from the fifteenth to the sixteenth century. Stuart and Marvin then pick up from this except and continue describing the typical land system in the Ottoman Empire Marvin Schaar, (2003) describe the land system as characterized by a farm managed by a peasant family, with additional labor provided by neighbors. The ottoman state owned all the land under its jurisdictions. Peasant farmers were just hereditary peasants who paid some levy to the state for farming this land. People appointed by the central government in the Ottoman Empire were the ones who collected land levies from peasants. In a detailed anthology, Marvin and Stuart, (2003), then explains the contentious issues that characterized the Ottoman Empire land system. They include the conflict over the system of levy collection from peasant farmers, delays in collection of levy by the levy collectors and confusion over the peasants farmers who left their land to look for work in cities. The rural setting presented by Marvin and Stuart of the ancient Ottoman Empire also sheds some good light into the nature of life that ancient Ottoman Empire lived. Most of the people in the Ottoman Empire were peasants and nomadic people who alternated their lifestyles between these two lifestyles. Some of the changes in the land tenure highlighted by Marvin and Stuart in this anthology include a change in the land ownership rights in the sixteenth century. Peasants in the fifteenth century Ottoman Empire had more land rights than the peasants in the sixteenth century onwards because of take over of land by the ruling class that reduced many peasants into laborers. Ottoman Empire largely comprised of a semi agricultural way of life with little divide between town and rural areas. Among the social cultural changes highlighted by Marvin and Stuart, include a growth of mosques in the nineteenth and the early twenty-century and establishments of schools in many towns across the Ottoman Empire. Marvin and Stuat manage to offer a good introduction of the land tenure and the changes that occurred in the land ownership for the period between the fifteenth and the early 20th century. The two authors manage to shed a good light on the complex land tenure of the Ottoman Empire that later brought serious conflicts that eventually led to its collapse. The second excerpt that Marvin and Stuart borrow from is by Hanna Batatu. This excerpt addresses the political changes that occurred in the Ottoman Empire especially the centralization of power by ottoman reformers in many parts of the empire. Some of the effects of the centralization of power are well covered in this excerpts .Examples are strengthening land rights of peasants in some regions of the ottoman empire like the Anatolia region And the aristocrats in Baghdad laying big claims on large tracts of land in Basra depriving the poor of their land. Marvin and Stuart(2003), manages to display in detail the changes that occurred in the ottoman empire when it embraced capitalism influence from western empires like steam navigation, telegraph as a means of communication as well as the political changes such as young Turks revolution in 1908. The two authors also explores in depth how the ottoman imitative of consolidating all land as a property of the state had severe consequences on the balance of power between the different tribes in the ottoman empire and the central government and the levy collectors. In the end, the ottoman initiative of consolidating power eventually led to the strengthening of power of the ruling sheiks against the central government. The sheiks then in an attempt to consolidate power started to lease out land to foreign tribes laying the ground for ethnic tension. With time, many peasants began to resist the authority of the sheiks. Intermixing of tribes occurred that many shaiks lost support of their tribe, which in a way worked towards to their downfall later in the nineteenth century (Marvin Stuart, 2003). Marvin and Stuart expose the major tribal divisions and divisions in the political systems of the Ottoman Empire in this chapter. Their focus is the internal evolution that occurred in the Ottoman Empire through the actions of the peasants, sheiks and the central government. This intriguing historical account of the of complex social economic and political changes that occurred in the ottoman empire and their consequences on the ottoman empire that laid the ground for bitter and bloody divisions within the different tribes and blocs of the empire. Thesee divisions are well presented by Marvin and Stuart as prerequisites for the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century. The third excerpt that Marvin and Stuart (2003), Borrow from Is by Donald Quartet. This excerpt addresses the problem of the slow pace of the industrialization of the ottoman empire Donald attributes the slow pace of industrialization of the ottoman empire to the fact that the ottoman central government favored the agricultural sector more than industrialization . The reason for this preference was that agriculture produce had a ready export market. Marvin and Stuart also explain that the ottoman government did not also encourage industrialists to invest in manufacturing plants in the empire. Other explanations offered by Marvin and Stuart(2003), for slow industrialization in the Ottoman Empire are that the empire preferred to import cheap products from industrialized neighbors than establish industries that would produce its own expensive products. Foreign interference also had an influence in the Ottoman Empire slow pace of industrialization process of the Ottoman Empire .An example is the treaty signed by the Ottoman Empire and Britain that prohibited it from imposing huge duties on imported products. The ottoman empire the fore had no clear policy of protecting its local industries from foreign competition .European Empires interfered with the industrialization process in the ottoman empire to ensure that their products did not face stiff competition from the Ottoman Empire products. As is evident from this detailed presentation by Marvin and Stuart, many external roadblocks prevented the Ottoman Empire from industrialization although there were many laws encouraging the growth of homegrown industries in the Ottoman Empire. The social and economic transformation of the Ottoman Empire was therefore, influenced by interplay of many internal and external factors. Marvin and Stuart manage to give a comprehensive and detailed view of the factors that brought the socio economic changes of the ancient Ottoman Empire and bring into focus the historical, social and economic processes that led to the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Marvin and Stuart have assembled a broad account of the social and the economic transformation of the Ottoman Empire under the influences of factors such as changing social trends, industrialization and European imperialism. This chapter is a great read for people seeking to gain deep insights into the social and economic life of the once mighty Ottoman Empire. Buy custom Social and Economic Change in the Ottoman Empire essay

Genetics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Genetics - Assignment Example Explain: This the coding sequence at any place of the gene and depending on the genetic material that is translocated an entirely new protein will be coded. Missense, point mutation, deletion of 3 bases or nonsense mutation at the end has a less severe effect. As these are all point mutation hence have a smaller influence on the entire structure of the protein. Explain: Cro- Magnon is also referred to as Homo sapien inhabited the earth approximately 10Â  000 to 40Â  000 years ago. This species lived in coexistence with the Neandethals in the Middle East and Europe for many years. The Neanderthal is assumed to have become extinct approximately 33Â  000 years ago. Australopithecus had already faced extinction by the time the Neanderthals came into existence. In addition, since Australopethicus had already become extinct it cannot coexist with homo erectus in the above mentioned time frame. Explain: Sickle cell anaemia is disorder that results from a monogenous disorder that leads to heterogenous clinical presentations. However, the disorder can be considered epistatic due to the fact that the phenotype of the disorder can be influenced by epistatic modifier genes Telomeres have repeated sequences and are located on the endings of each of the chromatids. They serve a protective role at these ends either from deterioration or fusing with the neighbouring chromosomes. In the process of cell division there is degradation of the telomeres which means that the repeated sequences are necessary to ensure that even after this process, there are still other sequences to protect remaining genes. In the Avery MacLeod and MacCathy experiment there were more possibilities and several techniques were utilized attempt to retrieve organic compounds and assess how the inheritance too place. These techniques were not yet present during the Griffith experiment. Griffith utilized heat in his experiment and live strains which